By
Dr. Nasir bin 'Abdirrahman ibn Muhammad al-Juda'i
LIABILITY Ramadan fasting
Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
يا أيها الذين آمنوا كتب عليكم الصيام كما كتب على الذين من قبلكم لعلكم تتقون
"O ye who believe, fasting is obligatory upon you as required on those before you, that you fear Him." [Al-Baqarah: 183]
Allah says:
فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه
"Whoever among you who is present (at his home country) in the month, that was the one he wanted to fast in that month." [Al-Baqarah: 185]
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
بني الإسلام على خمسين ...
"Islam is built upon five (joints)."
Then he sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said of them, fasting in the month of Ramadan. The Muslims also have agreed on the necessity of fasting in Ramadan.
However, there is a difference of opinion (deviation) of the (basic) naming this month Ramadan with the name. It has been argued (from the perspective of meaningful-pent) that is called Ramadan because turmadhu (ترمض) fiihidz Dzunuub (in this sin-human sin burned) and الرمضاء شدة الحر (ar-ramdhaa 'meaning red-hot). [1] others expressed the opinion that the so-called Ramadan because the Arabs when transferring the names of the months of the ancient language, they call those months based on reality and condition that occurs when the era. Then by chance this month falls squarely on the burning hot weather, it is called with the name of this month of Ramadan. [2]
Blessing month of Ramadan and primacy
The month of Ramadan has many blessings, virtues and various features that are not owned by the other months.
The first blessing, is that Ramadan fasting is the cause terampuninya sins and elimination of various errors.
As contained in the hadith ash-Shahihain from Abu Hurayrah that anhu, from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said:
من صام رمضان إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه.
"Whoever fasts Ramadan because of faith and expecting reward (from Allaah), He will be forgiven his sins are past." [3]
And in Shahiih Muslim from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allaah anhu sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
الصلوات الخمس والجمعة إلى الجمعة ورمضان إلى رمضان مكفرات لما بينهن إذا اجتنبت الكبائر.
"Obligatory five time prayers, Friday prayer to the next Friday, and Ramadan to the next Ramadan wash away the sins committed in the past in the absence of major sins dijauhkannya." [4]
The second blessing, this month there is a night better than a thousand months, ie Lailatul Qadr night. But on this matter will be addressed specifically and separately in the next chapter.
The third blessing, there are many other traditions that explain the virtues and keistimeaan very blessed this month, including the hadith contained in the ash-Shahihain from Abu Hurayrah that anhu, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
إذا جاء رمضان فتحت أبواب الجنة وغلقت أبواب النار وصفدت الشياطين.
"When Ramadan comes the gates of Heaven are opened, the gates of Hell are closed and the devil-devil chained up." [5]
While the history of an-Nasa-i and Imam Ahmad there is extra: "It has come to you Ramadan, a month full of blessings." [6]
The fourth blessing, the blessing of this month between the Muslims are able to reach many virtues and benefits of fasting that is both worldly and hereafter, these are:
1. The virtues of Mundane
First: piety.
Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
يا أيها الذين آمنوا كتب عليكم الصيام كما كتب على الذين من قبلكم لعلكم تتقون
"O ye who believe, fasting is obligatory upon you as required on those before you, that ye fear Allah." [Al-Baqarah: 183]
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam also said of the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah radi anhu narrated in the book of al-Shahiihain:
والصيام جنة وإذا كان يوم صوم أحدكم فلا يرفث ولا يصخب فإن سابه أحد أو قاتله فليقل إني امرؤ صائم.
"Fasting is a shield that, if one day one of you in a state of fasting, then he should not say dirty and screaming. If someone denounced and chided him, he should say, 'Behold, I am fasting.' "[7]
Word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: "Fasting is a shield," meaning that fasting maintains the culprit of Hell's wrath on the Day of Resurrection, fasting nurture of lust and munkar in his world life. [8] The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam also has guided the fasting person to leave the dirty and vile words, bad deeds and leave the emotion of anger. And noble character actors fasting will help him achieve this degree of piety. That temperament is commendable.
Second: The multiplicity of Pahala.
Based on the book of hadith that stated in the hadith ash-Shahiihain from Abu Hurayrah that anhhu:
قال الله عز وجل: كل عمل ابن آدم له إلا الصيام فإنه لي وأنا أجزي به ...
"Allaah says, 'Every son of Adam a charity that is done is for him, except fasting. Indeed it was for my fasting. I will reward ... '"
In the history of Imam Muslim:
كل عمل ابن آدم يضاعف الحسنة عشر أمثالها إلى سبعمائة ضعف قال الله عز وجل إلا الصوم فإنه لي وأنا أجزي به يدع شهوته وطعامه من أجلي.
"Every son of Adam a charity that is done will be multiplied. The goodness multiplied into ten to seven hundred times. Then Allah Almighty says, "Except for fasting. Indeed it was for my fast and I was the one who gave the reward. People who leave orgasm fasting and eating as I am alone. "[9]
Imam an-Nawawi rahimahullah said, "the Word of Allah Ta'ala states, 'And I'm the one who gives the reward,' a real explanation of the gift of God's greatness and His abundance replies reward for surely the noble and generous when news that he himself will bear the return, it shows how much he has consecrated replies levels and how extensive gift He gives. "[10]
Third: bad breath Indeed the fasting person is better in the sight of Allah Ta'ala than the fragrance of musk oil.
As word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam in a hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah radi anhu:
والذي نفس محمد بيده لخلوف فم الصائم أطيب عند الله من ريح المسك.
"For the Lord is the soul of Muhammad (was) in his hand, it was the smell of the mouth of a fasting more fragrant in the sight of Allah than the fragrance of musk oil."
Al-khaluuf means that changes in the mouth odor as a result of fasting. But this turns out good in the sight of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala and even liked him. This shows just how grand pu-asa case Allah Ta'ala. To the extent that anything perceived by humans hated and disgusted, turned out to be on the side of God is something that is preferred. Because it is built on the joint implementation of fasting which is obedience to God.
Fourth: Indeed, for the fasting person to get two happiness
As word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam in a hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah radi anhu:
للصائم فرحتان يفرحهما إذا أفطر فرح وإذا لقي ربه فرح بصومه.
"For the fasting person there are two happiness, happy when he was breaking, was happy with his fast and by the time he met his Lord." [11]
Fifth: privilege against those who fasted with their entry into Heaven through a special door called ar-Rayyaan.
The evidence is the hadeeth of Sahl ibn Sa'd radi anhu from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said:
إن في الجنة بابا يقال له الريان يدخل منه الصائمون يوم القيامة لا يدخل منه أحد غيرهم. "
"Verily in Paradise there is a door that is called ar-Rayyaan. On the day of Resurrection those who fast will enter Paradise like through that door. No one other than those who are allowed (to enter Heaven) through that door. "[12]
2. Didactic Fasting Benefits and Social
First: Allowing myself to be patient and to overcome difficulties and calamities.
Therefore, this month is called the month of patience (syahru ash-Shabri). Origin meaning ash-shabru (patience) is al-habsu (curb, restraint). Thus, there is restraint in the fasting or abstinence from (lust) and partially eaten (lust) delicacy. [13] This will strengthen the desire of those who fasted.
Second: Development of morals.
Narrated from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said:
من لم يدع قول الزور والعمل به فليس له g حاجة في أن يدع طعامه وشرابه.
"Whoever does not abandon false speech and deeds, then God does not need (the fasting) although he left the eating and drinking." [14]
The essence of fasting is berpuasanya both eyes from looking at something forbidden, beruasanya loss of hearing something that is forbidden, fasting from words spoken lies, vile and the like and berpuasanya whole body from doing something forbidden. In education there is a ritual of fasting for every individual on the similarities between the poor and the rich, doing good to the poor and needy.
3.'s Health Benefits
First: Freeing the body of accumulated fats-especially to people who live in luxury-which is often a source of disease when the fats it continues to grow.
Pain of this type is the disease of obesity. Thus, hunger is the best way to tackle the obesity.
Second: Throw away the impurities of the body, the toxins accumulate body and bodily fluids that damage. Relieve blood flow in the arteries and keep blood vessels from closing.
Third: Fasting has a positive effect on many diseases, among them for stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, stress and depression. [15] Therefore, fasting has an amazing positive impact in maintaining health. Moreover, fasting is undertaken correctly and directed at the times most primary (Afdhal) according to shari'ah. Body definitely needs a process such as fasting, as hinted by Ibn al-Qayyim rahimahullah in his book, at-Thibbun Nabawi. [16] The doctors in the western world have noticed fasting as one of the effective means of various models of medical therapy. Most of them said, "Verily avail hungry in medical therapy has the advantage of a multiple drug use. [17] another doctor said, "Verily fasting a whole month to eliminate various debris body for a year. [18] These are the most obvious of the benefits of fasting and barakahnya in the world and the Hereafter, who has been fasting Muslims are required by God to a full month in a year. He is the fasting of Ramadan is full of blessings that.
Blessing the fifth, the magnitude of the primacy of good deeds performed in this month, and the amount of motivation Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam spur Muslims to do good deeds in this month. Among the good deeds are as follows:
First: Qiyaamul Lail
From Abu Hurayrah that anhu, he said, "the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam gave motivation (to the Companions) to establish qiyaam Ramadhaan (Ramadan night prayers) without telling them by force. Then he sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
من قام رمضان إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه.
'Anyone who established the night prayers in Ramadan with faith and expecting reward (from Allah), surely sins are forgiven past.' "
Then after the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam died though, this service continues. And continued during the caliphate of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and the beginning of the caliphate of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab radi anhu. [19] The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam never prayed Taraweeh with his Friends of radi anhum, then he left it due to fear of the Muslims consider the prayer obligatory. Then 'Umar ibn al-Khattab took the initiative to gather people to pray Taraweeh in the mosque. [20] And Alhamdulillaah, ritual (syi'ar) as it still continues to this day. Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam very seriously and actively in worship and pray at ten last night (al-' asyrul awaakhir) of the month of Ramadan.
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا دخل العشر أحيا الليل وأيقظ أهله وشد المئزر.
"From 'A'isha radi anhuma said,' Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, when entering the ten days (the last in the month of Ramadan), he turn on the night, wake his family and tighten the fabric.'" [21] [22]
Second: Ash-Sadaqah.
Imam al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated from Ibn 'eject' Abbaas nahuma, he said:
كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ود الناس بالخير وكان أجود ما يكون في رمضان حين يلقاه جبريل فإذا لقيه جبريل كان أجود بالخير من الريح المرسلة.
"Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was the most generous person in his favor. And again when he is more generous in Ramadan when Gabriel met him. So when Gabriel met him, which is when he sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam is more generous in the goodness of the wind that blows. "
Lessons to be learned from this hadith is recommended to increase the charity and the charity, even more so in the month of Ramadan is full of blessings.
Third: Tilaawah al-Qur-aanil Kareem.
Disunnahkan to reproduce tilaawah al-Qur'an (read al-Qur'an) in the month of Ramadan. In this al-Qur'an was revealed. Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam always repeating hapalannya reading Qur her with Gabriel, one at each Ramadhan. As stated in the hadeeth of Ibn 'Abbaas anhuma. In a hadith it is mentioned:
وكان جبريل يلقاه كل ليلة في رمضان حتى ينسلخ يعرض عليه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم القرآن.
"Gabriel meet him every night in Ramadan until he lay. When the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam showed memorizing al-Quran reading his on Gabriel. "[23]
The radi anhum Salafush Salih al-Quran reading reproduce her in prayer and on other occasions. [24]
Fourth: Al-I'tikaaf.
I'tikaaf is silent in the mosque for worship in order taqarrub (closer) to Allah Ta'ala. Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam air-I'tikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan. In the hadith of 'Aisha mentioned Radhiyallahua anhuma:
أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يعتكف العشر الأواخر من رمضان حتى توفاه الله ثم اعتكف أزواجه من بعده.
"That the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam air-I'tikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan, (this practice continues to do-pent) to God mewafatkannya. Then his wives continue charitable air-I'tikaf after him. "[25]
No doubt that I'tikaf will help culprit concentrate on worship and Allah Jalla wa bertaqarrub 'Alaa. Moreover at times glorified, such as Ramadan or the last ten days of Ramadan.
Fifth: Al-'Umrah
Postulate that indicates the virtue of carrying out 'Umrah during Ramadan is the saying of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam to Ansar woman who could not perform the Hajj with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:
فإذا جاء رمضان فاعتمري فإن عمرة فيه تعدل حجة.
"When Ramadan comes, then deliver it 'Umrah you, the real' Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj in value."
In another narration: "('Umrah in Ramadan) may replace or supersede Hajj Hajj with me." [26] That is, the value of the reward' umrahnya Ansar women to equal the value of the reward of Hajj air, instead of 'Umrah can replace the obligatory Hajj legal position , so as to disqualify the law of obligatory pilgrimage, is not so. [27]
The sixth blessing, that blessing-blessing of Ramadan are many major events that occurred in the distant glorious this month. And indeed of the many important events that have occurred in this blessed month, the most phenomenal events and very beneficial to mankind is the decline events al-Qur'an al-Karim.
As Allah Ta'ala:
شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآن هدى للناس وبينات من الهدى والفرقان
"The month of Ramadan, the month in which the derived (beginning) al-Qur'an as guidance for mankind and the explanations of the clues and the difference (between the right and the falsehood) ..." [Al-Baqarah: 185]
Meanwhile, among other phenomenal events are full of benefits, are as follows:
First, Badr Kubra, which is named as Yaumul Furqaan (the differentiator).
On that day God separates and distinguishes between truth and falsehood. Thus, when the minority who believe big victory over the pagan group that is far superior in terms of quantity of troops and supplies. This event occurred in the second year Hijriyyah.
Second, Futuh Makkah
Truly God has given great favor on the believers with futuh (conquest) is full blessings. People are flocking into Islam, then be Daarul Mecca as Islam (land of Islam), after serving as the center of the idolaters shirk. This event occurred in the eighth year AH.
Third, Hiththin War in 584 H.
In this battle, the Crusaders suffered a crushing defeat. Salahuddin al-Ayubi and won great victories, and restore the rights of the Muslims and reclaim Baitul Maqdis.
Fourth, the War 'Ain Jaluut
This is a fierce battle that ended with a victory for the Muslims over the Tartar troops. This battle took place in 658 Hijriyyah.
After we explained the various virtues that globally a feature of Ramadan, and the many blessings contained in this noble month, then no effort unless I pray for fellow Muslim brothers and sisters so that they continue sipping the various virtues, and could blessings grabbed it as the implementation of the orders of Allah Ta'ala and to follow the Sunnah of His Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, his Companions radi anhum the noble, and the predecessors of this Ummah are elected, as well as efforts to gain a variety of benefits that are ukhrawi and temporal, as well as from a wide variety of goodness.
[Copied from the book At Tabaruk Anwaa'uhu wa Ahkaamuhu, Title in Indonesian practice was Blessed And The Time, Author Dr. Nasir bin 'Abdirrahman ibn Muhammad al-Juda'i, Publisher Reader Ibn Kathir]
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Footnote
[1]. Fathul Baari (IV/113).
[2]. Ash-Shihhaah, the work of al-Jauhari (III/1081), with a few changes.
[3]. Saheeh al-Bukhari (II/228) Kitaabush shaum Man Shaama Ramadhaana chapter Ihtisaaban wa wa liman Niyyatan and Saheeh Muslim (I/524) Kitaabush Shalaah al-Musaafiriin chapter at-Targhiib FII Qiyaami Ramadhaan.
[4]. Sahih Muslim (I/209) Kitaabuth Thahaarah chapter waatil ash-Shala-Khamsi wal Number Ilal Jumu'ah.
[5]. Saheeh al-Bukhari (II/227) Kitaabush shaum This chapter Yuqaalu Ramadhaanu aw Syahru Ramadhaan.
[6]. Sunan an-Nasa-i (IV/129) Kitaabush Shiyaam Fadhlu chapter Syahri Ramadhaan and the Musnad of Imam Ahmad (II/230)
[7]. Saheeh al-Bukhari (II/228) Kitaabush shaum This chapter Yaquulu innii Shaa-im and Saheeh Muslim (II/807) Kitaabush Shiyaam Fadhlu ash-Shiyaam chapter.
[8]. Fat-hul Baari (IV/104).
[9]. Sahih Muslim (II/807) Kitaabush Shiyaam Fadhlush Shiyaam chapter.
[10]. Syarhun Shahiih Muslim Nawawi li (VIII/29).
[11]. This is the final part of the quote the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah that was mentioned earlier and ditakhrij.
[12]. Saheeh al-Bukhari (II/226) Kitaabush shaum chapter ar-lish Rayyaan Shaaimiin and Saheeh Muslim (II/808) Kitaabush Shiyaa-mi Shiyaam Fadhlish chapter.
[13]. Syarhus Sunnah, the work of al-Baghawi (VI/219).
[14]. Narrated by Imam al-Bukhari in Shahihnya (II / 228) Kitaabush shaum Man lam chapter Yada 'Qaula Zuur az-wal' Amala bihi shaum fish.
[15]. From Tafsiir al-Manaar (II/138) and Shuumuu Tashihhuu book, the work of Shaykh Sa'id al-Ahmari (p. 16, 18), and a lot of references from books and magazines of medicine (medical) that have peeling fasting for health benefits.
[16]. Ath-Thibbun Nabawi, p 258.
[17]. Adapted from the book Shuumuu Tashihhuu, Shaykh Sa'id al-Ahmari (p. 17).
[18]. Tafsiir al-Manaar (II/148).
[19]. Hadith narrated by Imam Muslim in Shahihnya (I/523) Musaafiriin Shalaatil book.
[20]. See hadiths that show the case in Saheeh al-Bukhari (II/252) book Shalaah at-Taraawiih and Saheeh Muslim (I/524) Sha-laatil Musaafiriin book.
[21]. The scholars differed as to the meaning of (شد المئزر), some have argued the meaning is sincere in worship by increasing (quality and me-antitas) worship from his usual. Another suggestion interpret it as at-tasymiir (hasten) in worship. While others opinion is away from his wives in order menyibuki himself in worship. See Syarhun Shahiih Muslim Nawawi li (VIII/71).
[22]. This is narrated by al-Bukhari in Shahihnya (II/255) Fadhlu book chapter al-Qadr Lailatil A'mal fil 'Asyril Awaakhir min Ramadhaan and Muslims in Shahihnya (II/832) I'tikaaf chapter book of al-al-fil Ijtihaad 'Asyril Awaakhir, lafazhnya belongs to Muslims.
[23]. This is narrated by al-Bukhari in Shahihnya (II/228) ash-Shiyaam book chapters Ajwada Kaanan Nabiyyu maa fii and Muslims in Shahihnya Ramadhaan (IV/1803) book al-Fadhaa-il chapter Kaanan Nabiyyu Ajwadan Naasi bil Khairi minar Riihil mursalah , and belonging to al-Bukhari lafazhnya.
[24]. See the book Majaalis Syahri Ramadhaan, the work of Shaykh Ibn 'Ustaimin (p. 24).
[25]. This is narrated by Imam al-Bukhari in his Sahih (II/255) chapter of the book of al-al-I'tikaaf I'tikaaf fil 'Asyril Awaakhir and Imam Muslim in Shahihnya (II/831) chapter of the book of al-I'tikaaf I'tikaaf al-Asyril Awaakhir min Ramadhaan.
[26]. Narrated by al-Bukhari in Shahihnya (II/200) book al-'Umrah chapter' Umra Ramadhaan fii and Muslims in Shahihnya (II/918) book of al-Hajj chapter Fadhlil 'Umra Ramadhaan FII.
[27]. See Syarhun Shahiih Muslim Nawawi li (IX / 2) and Fat-hul Baari (III/604).
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