BySheikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim KhalafiA. The statuteRamadan fasting is one of the pillars of the pillars of Islam and is also one of its obligations.Allah Ta'ala says:يا أيها الذين آمنوا كتب عليكم الصيام كما كتب على الذين من قبلكم لعلكم تتقون أياما معدودات فمن كان منكم مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر وعلى الذين يطيقونه فدية طعام مسكين فمن تطوع خيرا فهو خير له وأن تصوموا خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآن هدى للناس وبينات من الهدى والفرقان فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر يريد الله بكم اليسر ولا يريد بكم العسر ولتكملوا العدة ولتكبروا الله على ما هداكم ولعلكم تشكرون"O ye who believe, fasting obligatory upon you, as prescribed for those before you so that you may become pious. (It is) in a certain number of days. So if anyone among you sick or in transit (and then he broke), then (wajiblah him fast) as the day it left the other day. And mandatory for serious people who run it (if they do not fast) ransom, (that) to feed a poor man. Any person who does good spontaneously, then that's better for him. And fast is better for you if ye only knew. (Some days it is specified) month of Ramadan, the month in which down (start of) al-Qur-an as guidance for mankind and the explanations of the clues and differentiation (between the haq and the falsehood). Therefore, whoever of you is present (in the country where he lived) in the month, and anyone sick or in transit (and then he broke), then (wajiblah him fast), as the day it left behind it, on the other days. Allah desires ease for you, and does not want hardship for you. And you shall glorify God for His guidance given to you, that ye may be grateful. "[Al-Baqarah: 183-185]It has been narrated from Ibn 'Umar anhuma, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:بني الإسلام على خمس, شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله, و إقام الصلاة, وإيتاء الزكاة, وحج البيت, و صوم رمضان."Islam is founded on five principles, which bear witness that no god has the right to be worshiped correctly except a God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish regular prayer, issued alms, pilgrimage to the House and fasting during Ramadan." [1]And the people have agreed on the obligation of fasting month of Ramadan, and he is one of the pillars of Islam pillars of the religion known with certainty. Anyone who denies his duty, then he has disbelieved or out of Islam. [2]2. PrimacyFrom Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, he said, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:من صام رمضان إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له ماتقدم من ذنبه."Anyone who fasts Ramadan with faith and hope for reward, undoubtedly his sins that have passed will be forgiven." [3]Also narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet of Allaah anhu sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has said: "Allah Almighty berfiman:كل عمل ابن آدم له إلا الصيام فإنه لي وأنا أجزى به, والصيام جنة, فإذا كان يوم صوم أحدكم فلا يرفث ولا يصخب ولا يجهل, فإذا شاتمه أحد أو قاتله فليقل إني صائم, مرتين, والذي نفس محمد بيده لخلوف فم الصائم أطيب عند الله يوم القيامة من ريح المسك. وللصائم فرحتان يفرحهما: إذا أفطر فرح بفطره, وإذا لقي ربه فرح بصومه."Every charity children of Adam are for him alone except for fasting, where fasting is for Me and I will reward it. Fasting is a shield, if on day one of you to fast, then let him say dirty words , making noise and not do anything too stupid people. And if anyone mencacinya or attacked, then let him say, 'Behold, I am fasting.' -Demi-Rabb twice the life of Muhammad in His hand, the real smell of the fasting person's mouth is more fragrant in the sight of Allah on the Day of Judgment from the smell of oil kasturi. For the fasting person there are two fun, if you break the fast, he berbukanya happy with and if he also met his Lord happy with his fast. '"[4]Sahl bin Sa'ad also of Allaah anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:إن في الجنة بابا يقال له الريان يدخل منه الصائمون يوم القيامة لايدخل منه أحد غيرهم يقال: أين الصائمون? فيقومون لا يدخل منه أحد غيرهم, فإذا دخلوا أغلق فلم يدخل منه أحد."Verily in Paradise there is a door that is named ar-Rayyan. From the door of people who fast will enter on the Day of Judgment one day, no one who went through the door than they are. It is said to them, 'Which of the people who fasted?' Then they stood up (to enter), there is no one who went through the door than they, when they had entered, the door was closed and nothing makes them apart. " [5]3. Due to the obligatory fasting of Ramadan Viewing Hilal (Moon)Narrated by Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, he said, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:صوموا لرؤيته وأفطروا لرؤيته, فإن غمي عليكم الشهر فعدوا ثلاثين."Fast as you have seen it (the moon) and eat as you have seen it anyway. And if the moon was hidden from view you, then count the month (Ramadhan) to 30 days. "[6]4. Defined By What Month?Ramadan is set to see the new moon (the moon), although the view is only one trusted person to fulfill a number or a 30-day month of Ramadhan. It has been narrated from Ibn 'Umar anhu, he said, "People are trying to see the new moon, and then I told the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam that I have seen it, then he fasted and ordered the men to fast." [7]. If the moon can not be seen due to cloudy or the other, then the month of Ramadhan fulfilled numbers to 30 days, based on the hadith of Abu Hurairah that has past.As for the month of Shawwal, it is not defined except by the testimony of two people. It was narrated from 'Abd ibn Zaid ibn al-Kahthtab, that he berkhutbah on the day in question to fast to her, and said, "Know that I have been with the Companions of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, and I've asked them, then they told me that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has said:صوموا لرؤيته وأفطروا لرؤيته, وانسكوا لها, فإن غمى عليكم فأتموا ثلاثين يوما, فإن شهد شاهدان مسلمان فصوموا وأفطروا."Fast as you have seen it (the moon) and eat as you have seen it all, as well as see beribadahlah. If the moon was hidden from view you, then genapkanlah to 30 days. And if there are two Muslims who bear witness (to see the moon), the fast and eat you. '"[8]Narrated from the Governor of Mecca al-Harith bin Hatibz, he said, "The Messenger sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has mandated us to worship according to our view the moon. If we can not see it and have testified the two men who trusted (that they have seen it), then our worship is based on the testimony of both of them. "[9]In his saying which says "And if there are two people who testified (see the moon), fasting and eat you" from the hadeeth of 'Abd bin Zaid. And his saying, "If we can not see it (the moon) and has testified the two men who trusted (that they have seen it), then our worship is based on their testimony." In the hadeeth of al-Harith, they gave the sense that there should be set and break your fast (entry of Shawwal) with the testimony of one person, except the determination of the fasting time because there have been arguments that allow it (the testimony of one person), while not breaking the there is the argument that menunukkan it, then he remains in legal origin (ie have the testimony of two people who trusted).To this end of the book Tuhfatul penukilan Ahwadzi (III/373-374), with a few changes.Attention:Anyone who saw the new moon alone, then let him fast to the other men to fast. So did not he break up they break, based on the history of Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet of Allaah sallallaahu alaiahi anhu wa sallam has said:الصوم يوم تصومون والفطر يوم تفطرون, والأضحى يوم تضحون."Time is a day of fasting in which you are all fast, time to break ('Eid al Fitr) is the day you're all broke, and the day of' Eid al-Adha is the day where you sacrifice." [10][Copied from the book of Al-Sunnah wal Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Azhim bin Abdul al-Khalafi Badawai, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Reader Publishers, Printed in Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]To Whom Fasting is prescribed?BySheikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim KhalafiThe scholars have agreed that fasting is obligatory upon a Muslim who understands, baligh, healthy, and live (not travelers), and for a woman to let him pure from menstruation and childbirth. [1]As for fasting is not obligatory for those who are not rational and not baligh, then based on the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:رفع القلم عن ثلاثة: عن المجنون حتى يفيق, وعن النائم حتى يستيقظ, وعن الصبي حتى يحتلم."It has lifted the pen of three groups: from a madman until he realized, from the bed until she woke up, and from a child until he baligh." [2]As for fasting is not obligatory for the sick and travelers, then on the word of Allah, the Exalted:ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر"... And whoever or ill on the way (and then he broke), then (wajiblah him fast), as the day it left behind it, on the other days ... "[Al-Hereafter-rah: 185]If people are sick and the traveler is still fast, then it has been inadequate, because they break their permissibility is a form of relief (rukhsa), and if they continue to implement a mandatory, then it is good.6. Which Home For Those Over, Breaking Or Fast?If people are sick and travelers have no difficulty in fasting, fasting more mainstream, whereas if they found it difficult to fast, then break their more mainstream.It has been narrated from Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri Allaah anhu, he said: "We went to war with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam during the month of Ramadan, among us there is a fast and there is a break. Those who fasted did not denounce the break, and vice versa are not denouncing the fast break. They looked at each other, for people who have the power, the better for him to fast. And for those who feel weak, then break the fast is better. "[3]As for fasting is not obligatory upon women's menstruation and childbirth, and based on the hadeeth of Abu Sa'eed Allaah anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:أليس إذا حاضت لم تصل ولم تصم? فذلك نقصان دينها."Are not they (the women) menstruation if they're not praying and not fasting? That's what they lack in terms of religion. "[4]If women are menstruation and childbirth remain abstinent, then his fast is not enough they (not valid fast), because fasting is one of the conditions of menstruation and childbirth sacred, and mandatory for them to mengqadha 'fast.It was narrated from 'A'ishah anhuma Allaah, he said, "Once in while we were having menstruation at the time of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, we were ordered to mengqadha 'fast and we were not instructed to mengqadha' prayers." [5]7. What must be done by the Old Man and Old Woman Who Elder Weak Also Sick Absence Hope RecoverWhoever is not able to fast due to advanced age or a semisalnya, then allowed him to break and feed a poor person every day of the days he left behind, according to the word of God:وعلى الذين يطيقونه فدية طعام مسكين"... And a must for serious people who run it (if they do not fast) ransom, (that) to feed a poor man ...." [Al-Baqarah: 184]It was narrated from 'Ata', that he heard Ibn 'Abbas read a verse, then Ibn' Abbas said, "It does not mansukh (deleted jurisdiction), which is the men and women who are elderly, where they are unable to fast, then they feed the poor every day of the days that ditinggalannya. "[6]8. Pregnant and Breastfeeding WomenWomen who are pregnant and lactating women, if they are unable to fast, or worried about their children when they are fasting, it should be for both of them for breaking and mandatory for them to ransom, but they are not obliged to mengqadha '. It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas Radhiyalahu anhuma, that he said, "Given a relief to people who are old and frail old lady in it, were both able to fast not to fast if they want to and feed the poor every day and there is no obligation making up 'for both. Then the law is abrogated by the verse:فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه"Those of you who are present in that month (Rama-dhan), then let him fast." [Al-Baqarah: 185]And has been designated for the elderly and frail elderly women, if they are unable to fast. Also for women who are pregnant and lactating women, if they worry, then they should not fast and should feed a poor person every day. "[7]Also narrated from Ibn 'Abbas anhuma Allaah, he said, "If a pregnant woman worried about her, as well as fear of women who breastfeed their children at the time of Ramadan, then it should be for both of them to break, and then feed the poor every day from the days he left and no obligation on them mengqadha 'fast. "[8]From Nafi 'anhu Allaah, he said, "One of the daughter of Ibn' Umar anhu became one of the wives of men of Quraysh, and at the time of Ramadan she was pregnant, then he is thirsty, then Ibn 'Umar ordered him to break and feed a poor every day (left). "[9]9. The size of the Mandatory Food ProducedAnas bin Malik narrated from Allaah anhu, that he had been unable to eat for a year (30 days in the month of Ramadan-pent.), So he will make a big bowl of porridge and call 30 people were poor to make them all full. [10][Copied from the book of Al-Sunnah wal Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Azhim bin Abdul al-Khalafi Badawai, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Reader Publishers, Printed in Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]Pillars, Pillars of Fasting, Six Things the fastBySheikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi10. Pillars, Pillars of Fastinga. IntentionBased on the word of God:وما أمروا إلا ليعبدوا الله مخلصين له الدين حنفاء"Though they are not ordered except to worship Allah with obedience to Him purifies inside (to run) the right religion ..." [Al-Bayyinah: 5]Also words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:إنما الأعمال بالنيات, وإنما لكل امرئ ما نوى."Verily, deeds that with the intention and every person gets a reward for his deeds in accordance with his intention." [1]And intention should be carried out before dawn on every night of Ramadan. This is because of the hadeeth of Allaah anhuma Hafsah, she said, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:من لم يجمع الصيام قبل الفجر فلا صيام له."Whoever does not intend to fast before dawn, then there is no fast for him." [2]b. Refrain from all the things that break the fast, from dawn until sunsetAllah Ta'ala says:فالآن باشروهن وابتغوا ما كتب الله لكم وكلوا واشربوا حتى يتبين لكم الخيط الأبيض من الخيط الأسود من الفجر ثم أتموا الصيام إلى الليل"... And now with them and seek what Allah has ordained for you and eat and drink until clear to you (the difference) between the white thread and black thread of the dawn. Then complete your fast till (come) tonight ... "[Al-Baqarah: 187]11. There are Six Things that invalidate the fasta, b. Eating and drinking deliberatelyIf someone is eating or drinking in a state not forget, he is not obliged mengqadha 'and pay the expiation, based on the history of Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:من نسي وهو صائم فأكل أو شرب, فليتم صومه, فإنما أطعمه الله وسقاه."Those who forget that he was fasting, and then he ate or drank, then let him refine his fast, for Allaah has fed and watered him." [3]c. Vomiting on purposeMeanwhile, if not intentionally, then it is not mandatory mengqadha 'fasting and paying an expiation. It was narrated from Abu Hu-rairah z, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:من ذرعه القيء فليس عليه قضاء ومن استقاء عمدا فليقض."Those who throw up accidentally, then he is not obliged mengqadha 'fasting, while those who deliberately vomited, then it is obligatory for him mengqadha'." [4]d, e. Menstruation and RulingAlthough this happened at the last second of the day (before breaking the fast), according to the consensus (ijma ') of the scholars.f. CopulateAnd with that the expiation is required in the following hadith:Abu Hurairah Anhua of Allaah, he said, "When we were sitting with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, came a man and said,' O Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam ruined me.' He asked, 'What have you destroyed?' He replied, 'I had sex with my wife while I was in a state of fasting Ramadan. "He asked,' Are you able to free a slave? ' 'No,' he replied. Then he asked again: 'Are you able to fast for two consecutive months?' He replied, 'No.' He asked, 'And are you able to feed 60 poor people?' He replied, 'No.' Then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam silent, and when we're in such circumstances, the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam was given a basket of 'araq * dates, and then he said: "Where people are asking about?' The man replied, 'I am.' He said, 'Take this and bersedekahlah him!' The man said, 'Are there people who are poorer than we O Allah! By Allah, no one in the family between the two places that a lot of black stone in Madinah more faqir of us. ' Then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam laugh until you see the fangs, then he said,' Give alms of your family eat it. '"[5][Copied from the book of Al-Sunnah wal Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Azhim bin Abdul al-Khalafi Badawai, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Reader Publishers, Printed in Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]Fasting-Adab AdabBySheikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi12. Fasting-Adab AdabRecommended for people who are fasting to observe some of the following manners:a. Eat SahurAnas narrated from Allaah anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:تسحروا فإن في السحور بركة."Eat your sahurlah because there's actually a blessing on the meal." [1]And counted eating a meal, although only with a sip of water, based on the hadith of 'Abdullah bin' Amr anhuma Allaah, he said, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:تسحروا ولو بجرعة ماء."Eat your sahurlah though only with a sip of water." [2]Mengakhirkan Sunnah to eat the meal, as was narrated from Anas, from Zaid ibn Thabit, he said, "We never ate the meal with the Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, after which he immediately set prayers. I asked, 'How long is the distance between the call to prayer and the meal?' He replied, 'About the same as reading 50 verses.' "[3]If the call to prayer was sounded, and food or drink still in his hand, then he may eat or drink, based on the hadith of Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said;إذا سمع أحدكم النداء والإناء على يده فلا يضعه حتى يقضي حاجته منه."Those of you who heard the call to prayer (Shubuh) and vessels (food) is still in his hand, then let him put it before he finished eating." [4]b. Refrain from useless discussions and dirty words, or the like with the things that are contrary to the purpose of fastingNarrated by Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:إذا كان يوم صوم أحدكم فلا يرفث ولا يصخب ولا يجهل, فإذا شاتمه أحد أو قاتله فليقل إني صائم."If on day one of you to fast, then let him say dirty words, make noise and not do anything too stupid people. And if anyone mencacinya or attacked, then let him say, 'I am fasting.' "[5]Also narrated from Abu Hurayrah radi anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:من لم يدع قول الزور والعمل به فليس لله حاجة في أن يدع طعامه وشرابه."Whoever does not abandon false speech and do it, then God does not require that person to leave the food and drink (fasting)." [6]c. Generous nature and reproduce readings al-Qur-anIt was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, he said, "Verily, the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam was the most generous in good and he will be more generous (than usual days) in the month of Ramadan when Gabriel came to him and is always coming to see Gabriel every night of the nights of Ramadan, until Ramadan is completed, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam recited al-Qur'an to Gabriel. And when he met Gabriel he is more generous (gently) from the gentle wind that blows. "[7]d. Hasten breaking the fast (ta'-vols)Sahl bin Sa'd narrated from Allaah anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:لا يزال الناس بخير ما عجلوا الفطر."The human race will remain good as long as they hasten breaking the fast." [8]e. Break the fast with what is readily available to him of these things in the following hadithIt was narrated from Anas, he said, "The Prophet used to break the fast with ruthab (fresh dates) before the prayer. If he does not get ruthab, then he is breaking with some tamr fruit (ripe dates that have long learned) and if it does not get tamr, so he drank the water. "[9]f. Pray when breaking the fast with prayer contained in the following hadithIt was narrated from Ibn 'Umar anhuma, he said, "Behold, the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam when breaking the fast is always to read:ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله."Having lost a sense of thirst and had wet the veins, and has established a reward, God willing." [10][Copied from the book of Al-Sunnah wal Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Azhim bin Abdul al-Khalafi Badawai, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Reader Publishers, Printed in Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]The Things That Allow a person who did FastingBySheikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi13. The Things That Allow a person who did Fastinga. Bath to cool the bodyIt was narrated from Abu Bakr ibn 'Abdirrahman, from some Companions of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, he said, "I have seen the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam in al-' arj (name of a village within a few days' journey from Medina) watering his head with water, while he was in a state of fasting, because of thirst or heat. "[1]b. Gargle and put water into the nose with moderationOf Laqith Allaah ibn Shabrah anhu, he said, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:وبالغ في الاستنشاق إلا أن تكون صائما."And do istinsyaq (putting water into the nose) so unless you are in a state of fasting." [2]c. Hijamah (berbekam)It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas anhuma Allaah, he said, "That the Prophet once berbekam was he in a state of fasting." [3]However, if he was worried berbekam dimakruhkan causes the body to become weak. It was narrated from Thabit al-Banani, he said, Anas bin Malik was asked, "Do you hate berbekam for people who are fasting?" He replied, "No, unless it causes the body to become weak." [4]d. Petting and kissing for those who can restrain himselfIt has been narrated from 'A'ishah anhuma Allaah, that he once told me, "the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam never kissing and making out the time he was fasting, it's just that he is the person most able to resist his desires of you." [5]e. Wake up after arriving in a state Shubuh time junubBased on what was narrated from 'A'ishah and Umm Salamah anhuma Allaah, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam never found the dawn has risen, he is in a state junub because mingled with his wife, then his bath and fasting. [6]f. Continue fasting until the dawn of timeIt was narrated from Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri Allaah anhu, that he heard the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:لا تواصلوا, فأيكم أراد أن يواصل فليواصل حتى السحر, قالوا: فإنك تواصل يارسول الله, قال: لست كهيئتكم, إنى أبيت لي مطعم يطعمني وساق يسقيني."Do not connect the fast and whoever among you wants to do it, then let him connect his fast until the dawn of time." The Companions asked, "Are not you also connect the Messenger of Allah fasting sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam?" He replied, "my situation is not like you And Allah has set a guard who will give me food and drink. "[7]g. Bersiwak, wearing perfumes, hair oils, eye shadow, eye drops and injections.Basic permissibility of all this is that despite the legal origin of the prohibition (al-al-Ashliyah Bara'ah), if it is forbidden for the fasting person Allah and the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam would explain it.وما كان ربك نسيا"And forget not thy Lord" [Maryam: 64][Copied from the book of Al-Sunnah wal Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Azhim bin Abdul al-Khalafi Badawai, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Reader Publishers, Printed in Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]Fasting is SunnahBySheikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim KhalafiProphet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has been advocated to fast on the following days:a. Six days of ShawwalIt was narrated from Abu Ayyub al-Ansari of Allaah anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:من صام رمضان ثم أتبعه ستا من شوال كان كصيام الدهر."Whoever fasted Ramadan and then followed by fasting six days of Shawwal, then he is as fast a year. "[1]b, c. Day of 'Arafah for those who do not perform the pilgrimage and the day of' Ashura (the tenth day of Muharram) and the previous day (ninth day).It was narrated from Abu Qatadah Allaah anhu, he said,سئل رسول الله j عن صوم يوم عرفة, فقال: يكفر السنة الماضية والباقية. وسئل عن صوم يوم عاشوراء, فقال: يكفر السنة المضية."The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was asked about fasting the day of' Arafah, he replied, 'He took away the sins of the past year and future." He also asked about fasting the day of' Ashura, he replied, 'It takes away the sin- sins of the past year. '"[2]Of Umm al-Fadl al-Harith bintu anhuma Allaah that there are some people who were nearby at the time in 'Arafah is fasting at loggerheads about the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam on the Day of 'Arafah. There are some of them argue that he fasted and some others say he is not fasting, then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam delivered a glass of milk, then he was on his camel at' Arafat, and he drank it. [3]Also narrated from Abu Ghathfan Tharif bin al-Muri, he said, "I heard Ibn 'Abbas anhuma Allaah said,' When the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, fasting' Ashura and he advocated his Companions to fast, they said, 'Messenger of Allah, This really is a day that is honored by Jews and Christians. 'Then he said,' Well then, in the coming year we will fast on the ninth day (tasu'a) insha Allah. 'Ibn' Abbas said, ' However, not until next year, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam passed away.' "[4]d. On most days of fasting in the month of MuharramFrom Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:أفضل الصيام بعد رمضان شهر الله المحرم وأفضل الصلاة بعد الفريضة صلاة الليل."The best of fasting after the fasting month of Ramadan is fasting in the month of Allah, the month of Muharram and the best of prayer after the obligatory prayers is the night prayer." [5]e. On most days of fasting in the month of RamadhanOf 'Aisha anhuma Allaah, he said, "I never saw the Messenger sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam perfect except for the fasting month of Ramadan month and I have never seen him fasting in a month more than the month of Ramadhan." [6]f. Monday and ThursdayUsamah ibn Zayd narrated from Allaah anhuma, he said, "Verily the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam always fasted on Mondays and Thursdays, when he was asked about it, he replied:إن أعمال العباد تعرض يوم الإثنين والخميس.'Verily deeds faced servant (of Allah) on Mondays and Thursdays.' "[7]g. Fasting three days of each month (Hijriyyah)Of 'Abdullah bin' Amr anhuma Allaah, he said, "Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said to me:صم من كل شهر ثلاثة أيام, فإن الحسنة بعشر أمثالها, وذلك مثل صيام الدهر.'Puasalah three days of each month. The real reward for his good deeds were ten times as much, so he's like fasting all the time. '"[8]And Sunnah to make the three-day third day, fourteen, and fifteen. Based on the history of Abu Dharr Allaah anhu, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:يا أبا ذر, إذا صمت من الشهر ثلاثة أيام فصم ثلاثة عشرة وأربع عشرة وخمس عشرة."O Abu Dharr, if you want to fast three days of a month, then puasalah on the thirtieth day, fourteen, and fifteen." [9]h. A day and break their daily fast (fasting of Prophet Dawud Alaihissallam)It is related from 'Abdullah bin' Amr anhuma Allaah, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:أحب الصيام إلى الله صيام داود كان يصوم يوما ويفطر يوما."Fasting is the most beloved of God is the fasting of Prophet Dawud, he fasted a day and break their day." [10]i. Ninth day of the month Dhul HijjahHunaidah bin Khalid narrated from, from his wife, of some wives of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam fasted on the ninth day of Dhul Hijjah, the day of 'Ashura, three days of every month, first Monday of a month and on Thursday. "[11]14. Days of Fasting is forbidden for hima. Two Day ('Eid al-Fitr and' Eid al-Adha)From Abu 'Ubaid, a freed slave of Ibn Azhar, he said, "I'm celebrating' Id with 'Umar bin al-Kaththab anhu Allaah, then he (' Umar) said, 'This is a two-day Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam forbade us to fast for him, the day when you break the fast and the other day, the day where you take your sacrificial animals. "[12]b. Tasyriq days *From Abu Murrah, a freed slave of Umm Hani ', that he was with' Abdullah bin 'Amr came to Allaah anhuma' Amr ibn al-`As, and then he serve food for them both, saying," Eat! "He replied," I'm fasting. "'Amr said," Eat, actually this is the day that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam told us and told us not to break their fast. "Malik said," It was the day Tasyriq. "[13]And narrated from 'Aisha and Ibn' Umar anhum, they both said, "Not allowed to fast on these days tasyriq, except those who were not sacrificial animals (in Mina when the pilgrimage)." [14]c. Fasting on Friday aloneIt has been narrated from Abu Hurayrah, he said, "I heard the Messenger Shallahu alaihi wa sallam said:لا تصومن أحدكم يوم الجمعة إلا يوما قبله أو بعده.'Let not one of you fasting on Friday, but he fasted the day before or after.' "[15]d. Fasting on Saturday aloneBased on the history of 'Abdullah ibn as-Sulami Busr Allaah anhu, from his sister, al-Shamma anhuma Allaah that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa nature has said:لا تصوموا يوم السبت إلا فيما افترض عليكم, و إن لم يجد أحدكم إلا لحاء عنب أو عود شجرة فليمضغها."Do not fast on Saturdays, unless that has been prescribed for you. If one of you do not get (food for breaking), except the skins of grapes or a tree branch, then let him chew it. "[16]e. Second half of the month of Ramadhan for those who do not have the habit of fastingIt was narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah anhu Allaah sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam said:إذا انتصف شعبان فلا تصوموا."If it was up to the middle of the month Ramadhan, then you should not fast." [17]Allaah also from Abu Hurayrah anhu, narrated that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:لا يتقدمن أحدكم رمضان بصوم يوم أو يومين إلا أن يكون رجل كان يصوم صومه فليصم ذلك اليوم."Do not ever one of you ahead of Ramadan by fasting one or two days earlier, unless the person is working on a common practice of fasting, let him fast on that day." [18]f. Fasting on the day of the doubtOf 'Ammar bin Yasir Allaah anhu, he said, "Whoever fasted on the dubious means he has disobeyed Abul Qasim (the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam)." [19]g. Fasting forever, even though he broke in the early days of the forbidden to fast.It is related from 'Abdullah bin' Amr anhuma Allaah, he said, "Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:يا عبد الله بن عمرو! إنك لتصوم الدهر وتقوم الليل, وإنك إذا فعلت ذلك هجمت له العين ونهكت, لا صام من صام الأبد."O 'Abdullah bin' Amr, the real you is always fast during the day (forever) and get up at night. If you continue to do so, then you have made your eyes are sunken and torturing yourself. No fasting is fasting for the people forever. "[20]Also narrated from Abu Qatadah, that there is a man came to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said, asked, "O Messenger of Allah sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam how do you fast?" The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was angry at the words and when' Umar saw it, he said, "We have the pleasure of Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion and Muhammad as our Prophet. We seek refuge with Allah from His anger and wrath of His Messenger. "He kept repeating these words to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam stop angry, then he asked," O Messenger of Allah sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam what about the fasting person forever? " He said:لا صام ولا أفطر."He's not fast and not break." [21]15. Prohibition of Fasting For A Wife If Her husband There are (at Home) Except with the permissionBased on the history of Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:لا تصم المرأة وبعلها شاهد إلا بإذنه."It is not allowed to fast on a wife when her husband at home, except with his permission." [22][Copied from the book of Al-Sunnah wal Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Azhim bin Abdul al-Khalafi Badawai, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Reader Publishers, Printed in Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]_______I'tikafBySheikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim KhalafiDo i'tikaf the last ten days of Ramadan is a Sunnah that is recommended, with a view to obtaining and seeking Laylat al-Qadr goodness.Allah Ta'ala says:إنا أنزلناه في ليلة القدر وما أدراك ما ليلة القدرليلة القدر خير من ألف شهرتنزل الملائكة والروح فيها بإذن ربهم من كل أمر سلام هي حتى مطلع الفجر"Verily, We have been down (al-Qur-an) on the night of glory. And you know what the Night of Power is? Night of Power is better than a thousand months. At night it drops Angel Angel and the Angel Gabriel with his Lord permits to regulate all affairs. That night (full) well-being until dawn. "[Al-Qadr: 1-5]It was narrated from 'A'ishah anhuma Allaah, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam beri'tikaf the last ten days of Ramadan, and he said:تحروا ليلة القدر في العشر الأواخر من رمضان."Seek Laylat al-Qadr in the last ten nights of Ramadan." [1]Also narrated from 'Aa'ishah that the Prophet anhuma Allaah sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:تحروا ليلة القدر في الوتر من العشر الأواخر من رمضان."Seek Laylat al-Qadr in the odd nights of last ten nights of Ramadan." [22]Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has advocated people to switch nights Laylat al Qadr. Narrated by Abu Huraira Allaah anhu, from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said:من قام ليلة القدر إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه."Whoever Laylat al Qadr night prayer of faith and hope because they reward him, it will be forgiven the sins of his past." [3]I'tikaf should only be done in the mosque, on the word of God:ولا تباشروهن وأنتم عاكفون في المساجد"... (But) they do not interfere in it, are you beri'tikaf in the mosque ... "[Al-Baqarah: 187]Also because the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam always beri'tikaf in it.I'tikaf Sunnah for the person to occupy themselves with any form of obedience to God, such as prayer, reading the al-Qur-an, to say the rosary, tahmid, tahlil, and Takbir, beristighfar, read the blessings on the Prophet, praying, studying and others.And dimakruhkan for them to concern themselves with things that are not beneficial, either act or word. So is the refrain from speaking because he considered it as one form of approach to God.Beri'tikaf permissible for people to come out of place because there is an urgent need, it also allowed for them to comb their hair and shave, cut nails and clean the body. I'tikaf someone will be void if he is out of place i'tikafnya no immediate need and also if he had sexual intercourse.[Copied from the book of Al-Sunnah wal Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Azhim bin Abdul al-Khalafi Badawai, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Reader Publishers, Printed in Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]_______Footnote[1]. Saheeh: [Mukhtasar Shahiih al-Bukhari (no. 987)], Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-Hul Baari) (IV/259, no. 2020), Sunan at-Tirmidhi (II/144, no. 789).[2]. Agreed upon: al-Bukhari Shahiih (Fat-Hul Baari IV/259, no. 2017), Muslim Shahiih (II/628, no. 1169).[3]. Agreed upon: al-Bukhari Shahiih (Fat-Hul Baari IV/255, no. 2014), Muslim Shahiih (I/523, no. 760), Sunan Abu Dawud (IV/146, no. 1359), Sunan an- Nasa-i (IV/157).[4]. Fiqhus Sunnah (I/404) with the change.source: http://almanhaj.or.id/_______
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